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Homebrew / Linuxbrew 镜像使用帮助

注：该镜像是 Homebrew / Linuxbrew 源程序以及 formula / cask 索引的镜像（即 brew update 时所更新内容）。本镜像站同时提供相应的二进制预编译包的镜像，请参考 Homebrew bottles 镜像使用帮助和 Linuxbrew bottles 镜像使用帮助。

本站提供了 https://github.com/Homebrew 组织下的以下 repo：brew, homebrew-core, homebrew-cask, homebrew-cask-fonts, homebrew-cask-drivers, homebrew-cask-versions, linuxbrew-core, install, homebrew-command-not-found。

首次安装 Homebrew / Linuxbrew

首先，需要确保系统中安装了 bash、git 和 curl，对于 macOS 用户需额外要求安装 Command Line Tools (CLT) for Xcode。

对于 macOS 用户，系统自带 bash、git 和 curl，在命令行输入 xcode-select --install 安装 CLT for Xcode 即可。
对于 Linux 用户，系统自带 bash，仅需额外安装 git 和 curl。

接着，在终端输入以下几行命令设置环境变量：

if [[ "$(uname -s)" == "Linux" ]]; then BREW_TYPE="linuxbrew"; else BREW_TYPE="homebrew"; fi
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/${BREW_TYPE}-core.git"
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/${BREW_TYPE}-bottles"

最后，在终端运行以下命令以安装 Homebrew / Linuxbrew：

# 从本镜像下载安装脚本并安装 Homebrew / Linuxbrew
git clone --depth=1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/install.git brew-install
/bin/bash brew-install/install.sh
rm -rf brew-install

# 也可从 GitHub 获取官方安装脚本安装 Homebrew / Linuxbrew
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://github.com/Homebrew/install/raw/master/install.sh)"

这样在首次安装的时候也可以使用镜像。更多信息请参考 Homebrew 官方安装文档。

* 安装成功后需将 brew 程序的相关路径加入到环境变量中：

以下针对基于 Apple Silicon CPU 设备上的 macOS 系统（命令行运行 uname -m 应输出 arm64）上的 Homebrew：
```
test -r ~/.bash_profile && echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
test -r ~/.zprofile && echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.zprofile
```
对基于 Intel CPU 设备上的 macOS 系统（命令行运行 uname -m 应输出 x86_64）的用户可跳过本步。

以下针对 Linux 系统上的 Linuxbrew：

test -d ~/.linuxbrew && eval "$(~/.linuxbrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
test -d /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew && eval "$(/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
test -r ~/.bash_profile && echo "eval \"\$($(brew --prefix)/bin/brew shellenv)\"" >> ~/.bash_profile
test -r ~/.profile && echo "eval \"\$($(brew --prefix)/bin/brew shellenv)\"" >> ~/.profile
test -r ~/.zprofile && echo "eval \"\$($(brew --prefix)/bin/brew shellenv)\"" >> ~/.zprofile

参考了 https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux。

替换现有仓库上游

替换 brew 程序本身的源，Homebrew / Linuxbrew 相同：

git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git

以下针对 macOS 系统上的 Homebrew：

# 手动设置
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-fonts)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-fonts.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-drivers)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-drivers.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask-versions)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask-versions.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/command-not-found)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found.git

# 或使用下面的几行命令自动设置
BREW_TAPS="$(BREW_TAPS="$(brew tap 2>/dev/null)"; echo -n "${BREW_TAPS//$'\n'/:}")"
for tap in core cask{,-fonts,-drivers,-versions} command-not-found; do
    if [[ ":${BREW_TAPS}:" == *":homebrew/${tap}:"* ]]; then
        # 将已有 tap 的上游设置为本镜像并设置 auto update
        # 注：原 auto update 只针对托管在 GitHub 上的上游有效
        git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/${tap})" remote set-url origin "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-${tap}.git"
        git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/${tap})" config homebrew.forceautoupdate true
    else   # 在 tap 缺失时自动安装（如不需要请删除此行和下面一行）
        brew tap --force-auto-update "homebrew/${tap}" "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-${tap}.git"
    fi
done

以下针对 Linux 系统上的 Linuxbrew：

git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/linuxbrew-core.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/command-not-found)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found.git

更换上游后需重新设置 git 仓库 HEAD：

brew update-reset

复原仓库上游

(感谢 Snowonion Lee 提供说明)

# brew 程序本身，Homebrew / Linuxbrew 相同
git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/brew.git

# 以下针对 macOS 系统上的 Homebrew
BREW_TAPS="$(BREW_TAPS="$(brew tap 2>/dev/null)"; echo -n "${BREW_TAPS//$'\n'/:}")"
for tap in core cask{,-fonts,-drivers,-versions} command-not-found; do
    if [[ ":${BREW_TAPS}:" == *":homebrew/${tap}:"* ]]; then
        git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/${tap})" remote set-url origin "https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-${tap}.git"
    fi
done

# 以下针对 Linux 系统上的 Linuxbrew
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/linuxbrew-core.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/command-not-found)" remote set-url origin https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-command-not-found.git

# 重新设置 git 仓库 HEAD
brew update-reset